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The Oghuz Turks (Middle Turkic: ٱغُز, Oγuz) were a western who spoke the of the . In the 8th century, they formed a tribal confederation conventionally named the Oghuz Yabgu State in Central Asia. Today, much of the populations of , and are descendants of Oghuz Turks. The term Oghuz was gradually supplanted by the terms and Turcoman ( or Türkmân) by the 13th century.Lewis, G. The Book of Dede Korkut. Penguin Books, 1974, p. 10.

The Oghuz confederation migrated westward from the area after a conflict with the Karluk allies of the . In the 9th century, the Oghuz from the steppes drove westward from the and region. In the 10th century, the Oghuz inhabited the steppe of the rivers Sari-su, and Emba north of in modern-day .Grousset, R. The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press, 1991, p. 148.

They embraced and adapted their traditions and institutions to the Islamic world, emerging as empire-builders with a constructive sense of statecraft. In the 11th century, the Oghuz clan entered , where they founded the Great Seljuk Empire. The same century, a Oghuz clan, also known as Uzes or Torks, overthrew Pecheneg supremacy in the frontier of the Russian steppes; those who settled along the frontier were gradually ; the almost feudal principality grew with its own military aristocracy.

(1990). 9780850459968, Osprey Publishing. .
Others, harried by the Turks, crossed the lower and invaded the Balkans,Grousset, R. The Empire of the Steppes. Rutgers University Press, 1991, p. 186. where they were stopped by a plague and became mercenaries for the imperial forces (1065).Hupchick, D. The Balkans. Palgrave, 2002, p. 62. Oghuz warriors served in almost all Islamic armies of the Middle East from the 1000s onwards, and as far as Spain and Morocco.

In the late 13th century after the fall of the Seljuks, the dynasty gradually conquered Anatolia with an army also predominantly of Oghuz,Lewis, p. 9. besting other local Oghuz Turkish states.Selcuk Aksin Somel, (2003), Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire, p. 217 In legend, the founder 's genealogy traces to , the legendary ancient ancestor of , giving the Ottoman sultans primacy among Turkish monarchs.Colin Imber, (2002), The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650, p. 95 The dynasties of , , , and are also believed to descend from the Oghuz-Turkmen tribes of , Yiva, , and Afshar respectively.

Name and language
The name Oghuz is a word for "tribe". By the 10th century, Islamic sources were calling them , as opposed to those of or religion; and by the 12th century this term was adopted into Byzantine usage, as the Oghuzes were overwhelmingly Muslim.Elizabeth A. Zachariadou, "Turkomans", in Alexander P. Kazhdan, ed., The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (Oxford University Press, 1991). The name "Oghuz" fell out of use by 13th century.

Linguistically, the Oghuz belong to the speaking group, characterized by sound correspondences such as Common Turkic versus Oghuric and Common Turkic versus Oghuric . Within the Common Turkic group, the Oghuz languages share these innovations: loss of in suffix anlaut, loss of except after , becoming either or lost, voicing of to and of to , and becomes .Golden, Peter B. An Introduction to the History of Turkic Peoples (1992). p. 21-22

Their language belongs to the group of the family. Kara-Khanid scholar Mahmud al-Kashgari wrote that of all the Turkic languages, that of the Oghuz was the simplest. He also observed that long separation had led to clear differences between the western Oghuz and language and that of the eastern Turks.D. T. Potts, (2014), Nomadism in Iran: From Antiquity to the Modern Era, p. 177 sources call Oghuz Turks Uzes (Οὖζοι, Ouzoi).Omeljan Pritsak, "Uzes", in Alexander P. Kazhdan, ed., The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium (Oxford University Press, 1991).

Origins
According to historians and linguists, the Proto-Turkic language originated in Central-East Asia,: "Most linguists and historians agree that Proto-Turkic, the common ancestor of all ancient and contemporary Turkic languages, must have been spoken somewhere in Central-East Asia (e.g. Róna-Tas, Reference Róna-Tas1991, p. 35; Golden, Reference Golden1992, pp. 124–127; Menges, Reference Menges1995, pp. 16–19)." potentially in Altai-Sayan region, or .
(2025). 9789732721520, Editura Academiei Române.
: "The ultimate Proto-Turkic homeland may have been located in a more compact area, most likely in Eastern Mongolia": "The best candidate for the Turkic Urheimat would then be northern and western Mongolia and Tuva, where all these haplogroups could have intermingled, rather than eastern and southern Mongolia..." Initially, Proto-Turkic speakers were potentially both hunter-gatherers and farmers, but later became .:"To sum up, the palaeolinguistic reconstruction points to a mixed subsistence strategy and complex economy of the Proto-Turkic-speaking community. It is likely that the subsistence of the Early Proto-Turkic speakers was based on a combination of hunting–gathering and agriculture, with a later shift to nomadic pastoralism as an economy basis, partly owing to the interaction of the Late Proto-Turkic groups with the Iranian-speaking herders of the Eastern Steppe." Early and medieval Turkic groups exhibited a wide range of both East Asian and West-Eurasian physical appearances and genetic origins, in part through long-term contact with neighboring peoples such as , , , and , and others.: "Moreover, Turks do not all physically look alike. They never did. The Turks of Turkey are famous for their range of physical types. Given the Turks' ancient Inner Asian origins, it is easy to imagine that they once presented a uniform Mongoloid appearance. Such traits seem to be more characteristic in the eastern Turkic world; however, uniformity of type can never have prevailed there either. Archeological evidence indicates that Indo-Europeans, or certainly Europoid physical types, inhabited the oases of the Tarim basin and even parts of Mongolia in ancient times. In the Tarim basin, persistence of these former inhabitants' genes among the modern Uyghurs is both observable and scientifically demonstrable.32 Early Chinese sources describe the Kirghiz as blue-eyed and blond or red-haired. The genesis of Turkic ethnic groups from earliest times occurred in confederations of diverse peoples. As if to prove the point, the earliest surviving texts in Turkic languages are studded with terms from other languages.""Some DNA tests point to the Iranian connections of the Ashina and Ashide,133 highlighting further that the Turks as a whole 'were made up of heterogeneous and somatically dissimilar populations'.134 Geographically, the accounts cover the regions of Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, the Yenisei zone and the Altay, regions with Turkic, Indo-European (Iranian Saka and Tokharian), Yeniseic, Uralic and other populations. Wusun elements, like most steppe polities of an ethno-linguistic mix, may have also played a substratal role.": "Both Chinese histories and modern dna studies indicate that the early and medieval Turkic peoples were made up of heterogeneous populations"

In early times, they practiced a religion, erecting many carved wooden funerary statues surrounded by simple stone balbal monoliths and holding elaborate hunting and banqueting rituals.

(2025). 9780850459968, Osprey.

During the 2nd century BC, according to ancient sources, a tribal confederation known as the and their allies, the (probably an Indo-European people) defeated the neighboring and drove them out of western China and into Central Asia. Various scholarly theories link the Xiongnu to Turkic peoples and/or the . Bichurin claimed that the first usage of the word Oghuz appears to have been the title of Oğuz Kağan, whose biography shares similarities with the account, recorded by Han Chinese, of Xiongnu leader (or Mau-Tun),Bichurin, N. Ya., "Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times", vol. 1, Sankt Petersburg, 1851, pp. 56–57Taskin V. S., transl., "Materials on history of Sünnu", 1968, vol. 1, p. 129 who founded the . However, Oghuz Khan narratives were actually collected in Compendium of Chronicles by scholar Rashid-al-Din in the early 14th century.

recorded the name Wūjiē 烏揭 (LHC: * ʔɔ-gɨat) or Hūjiē 呼揭 (LHC: * xɔ-gɨat), of a people hostile to the Xiongnu and living immediately west of them, in the area of the , near ., c. 90 BC: 110. Golden suggests that these might be Chinese renditions of *Ogur ~ *Oguz, yet uncertainty remains.Golden, Peter B., "Oq and Oğur ~ Oğuz", Turkic Languages, 16/2 (2012), pp. 155–199 According to one theory, Hūjiē is just another transliteration of Yuezhi and may refer to the Turkic ; however, this is controversial and has few scholarly adherents.Torday, L., Mounted Archers: The Beginnings of Central Asian History. The Durham Academic Press, 1997, pp. 220–221.

(1960) links the Oghuz to the Western Turkic tribe 姑蘇 Gūsū < ( * kuo-suo) in the 8th-century encyclopaedia et al. Tongdian, vol. 199 (or erroneously Shǐsū 始蘇 in the 11th century et al. Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 199). Zuev also notes two parallel passages:

Based on those sources, Zuev proposes that in the 8th century the Oghuzes were located outsides of the Ten Arrows' jurisdiction, west of the , near lake , Talas river's basin and seemingly around the basin, and near the Chumul, , , , Śari, etc. who were mentioned by al-Maṣudi and Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi.Zuev, Yu. "Horse Tamgas from Vassal Princedoms" (Translation of Chinese composition "Tanghuiyao" of 8–10th centuries), Kazakh SSR Academy of Sciences, Alma-Ata, 1960, p. 126, 133–134 (in Russian)

According to Ahmad ibn Fadlan, the Oghuz were nomads, but also had cultivated crops, and the economy was based on a semi-pastoralist lifestyle.

(2025). 9789004395190, BRILL.

Byzantine emperor mentioned the Uzi and Mazari () as neighbours of the .

By the time of the Orkhon inscriptions (8th century AD) "Oghuz" was being applied generically to all inhabitants of the Göktürk Khaganate. Within the khaganate, the Oghuz community gradually expanded, incorporating other tribes. A number of subsequent tribal confederations bore the name Oghuz, often affixed to a numeral indicating the number of united tribes. These include references to the simple Oguz, Üch-Oghuz ("three Oghuz"), Altï Oghuz ("six Oghuz"), possibly the Otuz Oghuz ("thirty Oghuz"), Sekiz-Oghuz ("eight Oghuz"), and the Tokuz-Oghuz ("nine Oghuz"),Golden, Peter B. (1972) "The Migrations of the Oğuz" "The Migrations of the Oğuz"] in Archivum Ottomanicum 4, p. 48 who originally occupied different areas in the vicinity of the Altai Mountains. Golden (2011) states Oghuz Turks who founded the Oghuz Yabgu State were not the same tribal confederation as the from whom emerged the founders of . and Muhammad ibn Muhmad al-Tusi kept the Toquz Oghuz and Oghuz distinctGolden, Peter B. The Turkic Word of Mahmud al-Kashgari, p. 507-511 and Ibn al-Faqih mentioned: "the infidel Turk-Oghuz, the Toquz-Oghuz, and the Qarluq"Golden, Peter B. (1992). An Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 198 Even so, Golden notes the confusion in Latter Göktürks' and ' inscriptions, where Oghuz apparently referred to Toquz Oghuz or another tribal grouping, who were also named Oghuz without a prefixed numeral; this confusion is also reflected in Sharaf al-Zaman al-Marwazi, who listed 12 Oghuz tribes, who were ruled by a "Toquz Khaqan" and some of whom were Toquz-Oghuz, on the border of Transoxiana and Khwarazm. At most, the Oghuz were possibly led by a core group of Toquz Oghuz clans or tribes.Golden (1992) p. 206-207

Noting that the mid-8th-century Tariat inscriptions, in khagan 's honor, mentioned the rebellious Igdir tribe who had revolted against him, Klyashtorny considers this as one piece of "direct evidence in favour of the existence of kindred relations between the Tokuz Oguzs of Mongolia, The Guzs of the Aral region, and modern ", besides the facts that Kashgari mentioned the Igdir as the 14th of 22 Oghuz tribes;Maħmūd al-Kašğari. "Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk". Edited & translated by in collaboration with James Kelly. In Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. (1982). Part I p. 101-102 and that Igdirs constitute part of the Turkmen tribe .Klyashtorny, S.G. (1997) "The Oguzs of the Central Asia and The Guzs of the Aral Region" in International Journal of Eurasian Studies 2 The Shine Usu inscription, also in Bayanchur's honor, mentioned the Nine-Oghuzes as "his people" and that he defeated the Eight-Oghuzes and their allies, the Nine Tatars, three times in 749.;"Moghon Shine Usu Inscription" text at Türik Bitig according to KlyashtornyKlyashtorny, S.G. (1997) and Czeglédy,cited in Kamalov, A. (2003) "The Moghon Shine Usu Insription as the Earliest Uighur Historical Annals", Central Asiatic Journal. 47 (1). p. 83 of p. 77-90 eight tribes of the Nine-Oghuzes revolted against the leading Uyghur tribe and renamed themselves Eight-Oghuzes.

, an historian, claimed that the Oghuz Turks were settled mainly in , between the Caspian and Aral Seas, during the period of the (after 775 AD). By 780, the eastern parts of the were ruled by the and to their west were the Oghuz. Transoxiana, their main homeland in subsequent centuries became known as the "Oghuz Steppe".

During the period of the caliph Al-Ma'mun (813–833), the name Oghuz starts to appear in the works of Islamic writers. The Book of Dede Korkut, a historical epic of the Oghuz, contains historical echoes of the 9th and 10th centuries but was likely written several centuries later.Alstadt, Audrey. The Azerbaijani Turks, p. 11. Hoover Press, 1992.

Physical appearance
described 's Oghuz Turks as "distinguished from other Turks by their valour, their slanted eyes, and the smallness of their stature". Stone heads of elites kept at the New York Metropolitan Museum of Art displayed features.Lee & Kuang (2017) "A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples", Inner Asia 19. p. 207-208 of 197–239 Over time, Oghuz Turks' physical appearance changed. Rashid al-Din Hamadani stated that "because of the climate their features gradually changed into those of Tajiks. Since they were not Tajiks, the Tajik peoples called them , i.e. Turk-like (Turk-mānand)". Ḥāfiẓ Tanīsh Mīr Muḥammad Bukhārī also related that the "Oghuz Turkic face did not remain as it was after their migration into and ". Khiva khan, Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur, in his Chagatai-language treatise Genealogy of the Turkmens, wrote that "their (Oghuz Turks) chin started to become narrow, their eyes started to become large, their faces started to become small, and their noses started to become big after five or six generations". Ottoman historian Mustafa Âlî commented in Künhüʾl-aḫbār that Anatolian Turks and Ottoman elites are ethnically mixed: "Most of the inhabitants of Rûm are of confused ethnic origin. Among its notables there are few whose lineage does not go back to a convert to Islam."Lee & Kuang (2017) "A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and Y-DNA Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples", Inner Asia 19. p. 208 of 197–239

Social units
The that the Oghuz empires were very well known for was rooted in their centuries-long nomadic lifestyle. In general, they were a herding society which possessed certain military advantages that sedentary societies did not have, particularly mobility. Alliances by marriage and kinship, and systems of "social distance" based on family relationships were the connective tissues of their society.

In Oghuz traditions, "society was simply the result of the growth of individual families". But such a society also grew by alliances and the expansion of different groups, normally through marriages. The shelter of the Oghuz tribes was a tent-like dwelling, erected on wooden poles and covered with skin, felt, or hand-woven textiles, which is called a .

Their cuisine included (stew), , (meaning "wedding soup"), Kımız (a traditional drink of the Turks, made from fermented horse milk), (a syrup made of boiled grape juice) and made with wheat starch or rice flour, (noodle soup), (flattened bread), (layered pastry), (ring-shaped buns), bread, clotted cream, cheese, yogurt, milk and (diluted yogurt beverage), as well as wine.

Social order was maintained by emphasizing "correctness in conduct as well as ritual and ceremony". Ceremonies brought together the scattered members of the society to celebrate birth, puberty, marriage, and death. Such ceremonies had the effect of minimizing social dangers and also of adjusting persons to each other under controlled emotional conditions.

related men and their families were regarded as a group with rights over a particular territory and were distinguished from neighbours on a territorial basis. Marriages were often arranged among territorial groups so that neighbouring groups could become related, but this was the only organizing principle that extended territorial unity. Each community of the Oghuz Turks was thought of as part of a larger society composed of distant as well as close relatives. This signified "tribal allegiance". Wealth and materialistic objects were not commonly emphasized in Oghuz society and most remained herders, and when settled they would be active in agriculture.

Status within the family was based on age, gender, relationships by blood, or marriageability. Males, as well as females, were active in society, yet men were the backbones of leadership and organization. According to the Book of Dede Korkut, which demonstrates the culture of the Oghuz Turks, women were "expert horse riders, archers, and athletes". The elders were respected as repositories of both "secular and spiritual wisdom".

Homeland in Central Asia
In the 700s, the Oghuz Turks made a new home and domain for themselves in the area between the Caspian and Aral seas and the northwest part of Transoxania, along the Syr Darya river. They had moved westward from the Altay mountains passing through the steppes and settled in this region, and also penetrated into southern and the from their bases in west China. In the 11th century, the Oghuz Turks adopted script, replacing the Old Turkic alphabet.C. E. Bosworth, The Ghaznavids:994–1040, (Edinburgh University Press, 1963), 216.

In his accredited 11th-century treatise titled Diwan Lughat al-Turk, scholar Mahmud of Kashgar mentioned five Oghuz cities named Sabran, Sitkün, Qarnaq, Suğnaq, and Qaraçuq (the last of which was also known to Kashgari as Farab,Maħmūd al-Kašğari. Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk. Edited & translated by Robert Dankoff in collaboration with James Kelly. Series: Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. (1982). "Part I", p. 270, 329, 333, 352, 353, 362 now ; situated near the to its east). The extension from the Karachuk Mountains towards the Caspian Sea was called the "Oghuz Steppe Lands" from where the Oghuz Turks established trading, religious and cultural contacts with the Abbasid Arab caliphate who ruled to the south. This is around the same time that they first converted to Islam and renounced their belief system. The Arab historians mentioned that the Oghuz Turks were ruled by a number of kings and chieftains.

It was in this area that they later founded the Seljuk Empire, and it was from this area that they spread west into western Asia and eastern Europe during Turkic migrations from the 9th until the 12th century. The founders of the were also Oghuz Turks.

Literature and poetry
Book of Dede Korkut
The Book of Dede Korkut is a seminal collection of epic tales originating from the . Comprising twelve stories, the narratives encapsulate themes of heroism, morality, and social norms prevalent among the nomadic Oghuz. The tales were transmitted orally before being compiled into manuscripts in the 15th century. The character Dede Korkut serves as a sage and bard, linking the stories together and offering wisdom to the protagonists. The epics provide insights into the Oghuz way of life, including their customs, conflicts, and the transition from pre-Islamic beliefs to Islamic faith.

Epic of Koroghlu
The Epic of Koroghlu narrates the adventures of the hero Koroghlu, who seeks to avenge his father's blinding by a corrupt ruler. This tale emphasizes themes of justice, resistance against tyranny, and the valorization of the common folk. The epic has been preserved in various cultures, including , , and traditions, often performed by bards known as or .

Imadaddin Nasimi
(1369–1417) is recognized as a pivotal figure in literature, particularly for his contributions to classical poetry. Writing in , , and , Nasimi's works delve into themes of mysticism, humanism, and the nature of existence. His poetry significantly influenced subsequent generations and helped shape the literary traditions of the region.

Magtymguly Pyragy
Magtymguly Pyragy (c. 1733–c. 1790) is esteemed as the father of Turkmen literature. His poetry, composed in the Turkmen language, addresses topics such as patriotism, social justice, and moral integrity. Employing the qoshuk form, his verses played a crucial role in fostering a sense of national identity among the Turkmen people.

Oghuz and Yörüks
Yörüks are Turkish subgroup of Oghuz origin, some of whom are still semi-nomadic, primarily inhabiting the mountains of Anatolia and partly Balkan peninsula.N. K. Singh, A. M. Khan, Encyclopaedia of the world Muslims: Tribes, Castes and Communities, Vol.4, Delhi 2001, p.1542Grolier Incorporated, Academic American Encyclopedia, vol.20, 1989, p.34

In the medieval era, to distinguish their own loyal Turkomans from the Shah-loyal of eastern Anatolia and Azerbaijan, Ottoman governors coined the blanket term Yörük (or Yürük), meaning "nomad" or "wanderer."Sir Gerard Clauson, An Etymological Dictionary of Pre-Thirteenth Century Turkish, Oxford 1972, p.972Turkish Language Association – TDK Online Dictionary. Yorouk , yorouk "yuruk". Webster's Third New International Dictionary, Unabridged. . 2002. This served as a political demarcation between western (Ottoman Turkic) and eastern (Persian-influenced) Turkoman groups.

Despite being politically divided between the Ottoman Turks and the Persian-influenced eastern realms, Eastern and Western Turkomans were ethnically and linguistically the same, differing only in minor dialectal or cultural aspects.

The Yörük to this day appear as a distinct segment of the population of Macedonia and where they settled as early as the 14th century. While today the Yörük are increasingly settled, many of them still maintain their lifestyle, breeding goats and sheep in the and further eastern parts of mediterranean regions (in southern ), in the (Epirus, ), the Šar Mountains (), the and Rhodope Mountains () and .

An earlier offshoot of the Yörüks, the Kailars or Kayılar Turks were amongst the first Turkish colonists in Europe, ( Kailar or Kayılar being the name for the Greek town of which took its current name in 1928)Ptolemaida.net – History of Ptolemaida web page formerly inhabiting parts of the Greek regions of and Macedonia. Settled Yörüks could be found until 1923, especially near and in the town of .

List of Oghuz dynasties

Traditional tribal organization
Mahmud al-Kashgari listed 22 Oghuz tribes in Dīwān Lughāt al-Turk. Kashgari further wrote that "In origin they are 24 tribes, but the two are distinguished from them the in certain respects and so are not counted among them. This is the origin".Maħmūd al-Kašğari. Dīwān Luğāt al-Turk. Edited & translated by Robert Dankoff in collaboration with James Kelly. Series: Sources of Oriental Languages and Literature. (1982). "Part I". p. 101-102, 362–363Minorsky, V. "Commentary on Hudud al-'Alam's "§24. Khorasian Marches" pp. 347–348

Later, Charuklug from Kashgari's list would be omitted. Rashid-al-Din and Abu al-Ghazi Bahadur added three more: Kïzïk, Karkïn, and Yaparlï, to the list in Jami' al-tawarikh (Compendium of Chronicles) and (Genealogy of the Turks), respectively.Golden, Peter B. (2015). "The Turkic World in Mahmûd al-Kâshgharî" in Bonn Contributions to Asian Archaeology. 7. p. 513-516 According to Selçukname, had 6 children (Sun – Gün, Moon – Ay, Star – Yıldız, Sky – Gök, Mountain – Dağ, Sea – Diŋiz), and all six would become Khans themselves, each leading four tribes.

Bozoks (Gray Arrows)
Gün Han
Ay Han
Yıldız Han

Üçoks (Three Arrows)
Gök Han
Dağ Han
Diŋiz Han
  • Iğdır
  • Büğdüz
  • Yıva ( and Oghuz Yabgu State)
  • Kınık (founders of the )Kafesoğlu, İbrahim. Türk Milli Kültürü. Türk Kültürünü Araştırma
Enstitüsü, 1977. page 134

Kayı (tribe)Kayığ ( قَيِغْ)KayıQayıGaýystrong
( sungur)
Bayat (tribe)Bayat ( بَياتْ)BayatBayatBaýatrichEurasian eagle-owl
( puhu)
Alkaevli (tribe)Alkabölük ( اَلْقابُلُكْ)AlkaevliAğevliAgöýliwhite housed
( küyenek)
Karaevli (tribe)Karabölük ( قَرَبُلُكْ)KaraevliQaraevliGaraöýliblack housed
( küyenek sarı)
Yazır (tribe)Yazgır ( ىَزْغِرْ)YazırYazırÝazyrspreadMerlin
( turumtay)
DöğerTüger ( تُوكَرْ) / ( ثُكَرْ)DöğerDöğərTüwergatherer?
( küçügen)
DodurgaTutırka ( تُوتِرْقا)DodurgaDodurqaDodurgacountry gainer?
( kızıl karcığay)
Yaparlı (tribe) YaparlıYaparlıÝaparlynice-smelling?
Afshar (tribe)Afşar ( اَفْشارْ)Avşar, AfşarƏfşarOwşarobedient, agileBonelli's eagle
( cura laçın)
Qiziq KızıkQızıqGyzykforbidden
( çakır)
Begtili ( بَكْتِلى)BeğdiliBəydiliBegdilireputableGreat crested grebe
( bahri)
Karkın (tribe) Karkın, KargınKarqınGarkynblack leather
( çakır)
Bayundur ( بايُنْدُرْ)BayındırBayandurBaýyndyrwealthy soil
( laçın)
Beçenek ( بَجَنَكْ)PeçenekPeçeneqBeçeneone who makes
( ala toğunak)
Çuvaldar ( جُوَلْدَرْ)ÇavuldurÇavuldurÇowdurfamous?
( buğdayınık)
Chepni (tribe)Çepni ( جَبْني)ÇepniÇəpniÇepnione who attacks the enemy
Salur (tribe)Salgur ( سَلْغُرْ)SalurSalurSalyrsword swinger
( bürgüt)
Eymür ( اَيْمُرْ)EymürEymurEýmirbeing good
( isperi)
Ulayundluğ ( اُوﻻيُنْدْلُغْ)UlayundluğAlayuntluqAlaýöntliwith a pied horseRed-footed falcon
( yağalbay)
Yüreğir (tribe)Üregir ( اُرَكِرْ)
Yüregir ( يُرَكِرْ)		Yüreğir, ÜreğirYürəgirÜregirorder finder?
biku
İğdir (tribe)İgdir ( اِكْدِرْ)İğdirIğdırIgdirbeing good
( karcığay)
Büğdüz (tribe)Bügdüz ( بُكْدُزْ)BüğdüzBügdüzBügdüzmodest
( itelgi)
YıvaIwa ( اِڤـا)
Yıwa ( يِڤـا)		YıvaYıvaYwahigh ranked
( tuygun)
Kınık (tribe)Kınık ( قِنِقْ)KınıkQınıqGynyksaint
( cura karcığay)

List of Oghuz ethnic groups

Other Oghuz sub-ethnic groups and tribes
Anatolia and Caucasus
Anatolia
Caucasus
Cyprus

Balkans

Central Asia

Arab world
  • Turks in Libya
  • Turks in Egypt
  • Turks in Algeria
  • Turks in Lebanon
  • Turks in Palestine
  • Turks in Jordan
  • Turks in Tunisia
  • Turks in Saudi Arabia
  • Turks in Yemen

See also

Notes
Sources

Further reading
  • Grousset, R., The Empire of the Steppes, 1991, Rutgers University Press
  • Nicole, D., Attila and the Huns, 1990, Osprey Publishing
  • Lewis, G., The Book of Dede Korkut, "Introduction", 1974, Penguin Books
  • Minahan, James B. One Europe, Many Nations: A Historical Dictionary of European National Groups. Greenwood Press, 2000. page 692
  • Aydın, Mehmet. Bayat-Bayat boyu ve Oğuzların tarihi. Hatiboğlu Yayınevi, 1984. web page

External links

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